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2003 July - US-appointed Governing Council meets for first time. 2007 August - Kurdish and Shia leaders form an alliance to support Prime Minister Maliki's government, but fail to bring in Sunni leaders. It is the first Sunni province to be returned to to the Shia-led government. It is the first major summit to be held in Iraq since the fall of Saddam Hussein. 2005 April - Amid escalating violence, parliament selects Kurdish leader Jalal Talabani as president. 1917 - Britain seizes Baghdad during First World War. Arrest warrant issued for vice-president Tariq al-Hashemi, a leading Sunni politician. Government forces recapture Ramadi but face entrenched rebels in Falluja. The Sumerians invented writing and started the first recorded history. 2002 September - US President George W Bush tells UN Iraq poses "grave and gathering danger". 2004 November - Major US-led offensive against insurgents in Falluja. 2005 December - Iraqis vote for the first, full-term government and parliament since the US-led invasion. In June 1967, Iraq sent a token force to the Jordanian front. 2009 June - US troops withdraw from towns and cities in Iraq, six years after the invasion, having formally handed over security duties to new Iraqi forces. 2010 August - Seven years after the US-led invasion, the last US combat brigade leaves Iraq. 2004 June - US hands sovereignty to interim government headed by Prime Minister Iyad Allawi. 2004 April-May - Photographic evidence emerges of abuse of Iraqi prisoners by US troops at Abu Ghreib prison in Baghdad. 1968 - A Baathist led-coup puts Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr in power. April 9, 2003 — 10.00am. Iraq has been a hotbed of political turmoil throughout its history. The EU's medicines regulator finds the benefits of the Covid-19 vaccine outweigh the risks. 2005 October - Voters approve a new constitution, which aims to create an Islamic federal democracy. On May 28, 1958, the United States recognized the Arab Union that formed between Iraq and the … 1991 April - UN-approved haven established in northern Iraq to protect the Kurds. 2005 June - Massoud Barzani is sworn in as regional president of Iraqi Kurdistan. The Islamic State of Iraq group says it was responding to alleged Iraqi Kurdish support for Kurds fighting jihadists in Syria. 1. Iraq … By July the country is described as being yet again in a state of full-blown sectarian war. History of Iraq Great Britain gained control of Iraq, previously known as Mesopotamia, after the First World War. Army offensive drives back Kurdish forces in a move aimed at halting the regional government's moves towards an independent Kurdistan. 2013 September - Series of bombings hits Kurdistan capital Irbil in the first such attack since 2007. Major cities: Mosul, 3,000,000 Basra, 2,300,000 Arbil, 1,294,000 Kirkuk, … 1921 - After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, Great Britain gains control of the … 2008 September - US forces hand over control of the western province of Anbar - once an insurgent and Al-Qaeda stronghold - to the Iraqi government. Save. 2002 November - UN weapons inspectors return to Iraq backed by a UN resolution which threatens serious consequences if Iraq is in "material breach" of its terms. Tens of thousands flee amid atrocities. 2018 May - Parliamentary elections. What happens to your body in extreme heat? 2014 September - Shia politician Haider al-Abad forms a broad-based government including Sunni Arabs and Kurds. Between 65,000 BC and 35,000 BC, northern Iraq was home to a Neanderthal culture, archaeological remains of which have been discovered at Shanidar Cave This same region is also the location of a number of pre-Neolithic cemeteries, dating from approximately 11,000 BC. The land of Iraq is often called the "Cradle of Civilization" because the oldest civilization in the world, the Sumerians, was formed here. Myanmar ambassador to UK 'locked out' of embassy, Covid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China. 2003 March - US-led invasion topples Saddam Hussein's government, marks start of years of violent conflict with different groups competing for power. The very important event which follows the revolution is the eight-year-long war between Iran and Iraq that began in 1980. He appoints Adel Abdul Mahdi as prime minister, with the support of the Shia majority of MPs. That may seem like a strange way to start a history lesson, but think about what it is - a place where a baby sleeps, right? Arabs were the first people to call the country "Iraq" meaning "the fertile." Until 1968, Iraq was one of the countries which had witnessed coups most frequently, but after that year, no coups occurred. )v�/�RGЛ@��, &��h"��bRҀ1%P4A���l��ll��a �Ŗ��@�HC0����9К~�� ��r`����8n1~eZ���ΰ3��%W��U�;�72\Q�g��0�ሥ Ýpy�n ������ͫ�4(-�f�c`э���30��```X�� _߭ endstream endobj 649 0 obj 512 endobj 634 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 626 0 R /Resources << /ColorSpace << /CS0 635 0 R /CS1 636 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS0 645 0 R /GS1 643 0 R >> /Font << /TT0 638 0 R /TT1 642 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] >> /Contents 639 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 /StructParents 0 >> endobj 635 0 obj [ /ICCBased 646 0 R ] endobj 636 0 obj /DeviceGray endobj 637 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -558 -307 2034 1026 ] /FontName /BCNEJH+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 160 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 644 0 R >> endobj 638 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 146 /Widths [ 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 500 500 0 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 722 667 722 0 667 611 0 778 389 0 778 667 0 722 778 611 0 722 556 667 722 0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 556 444 556 444 333 500 556 278 0 556 278 833 556 500 556 556 444 389 333 556 500 0 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /BCNEJH+TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /FontDescriptor 637 0 R >> endobj 639 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 640 0 R >> stream 1921 - Britain appoints Feisal, son of Hussein Bin Ali, the Sherif of Mecca, as king. The recent history of Iraq is fraught with almost unabated military conflict, at a great cost to the Iraqi government and people. 2008 March - Prime Minister Maliki orders crackdown on militia in Basra, sparking pitched battles with Moqtada Sadr's Mehdi Army. 1920 - League of Nations approves British mandate in Iraq, prompting nationwide revolt. How do you weigh up the risks of the AZ vaccine? A brief history of Iraq. Blood clot is 'very rare AstraZeneca side effect'. One of the most important developments in world history is taking place in Mesopotamia.Here, on the flood plains of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, the fertile soil brought down from the mountains by the great rivers has given rise to much denser populations than anywhere else in the world. The citizens were horrifically abused, the economy failed and Hussein stole from the banks. The region of Mesopotamia came under Arab influence in 636 AD and it was the Arabs who were first to call the country “Iraq” meaning “the fertile”. This text weaves together several important themes, including the search for a national identity, the struggle to achieve social and economic development, the changes in political dynamics, and the impact of … 2007 September - Controversy over private security contractors after Blackwater security guards allegedly fire at civilians in Baghdad, killing 17. 2018 October - Parliament elects veteran Kurdish politician Barham Salih as president. 0000032508 00000 n A Greek … Car bomb in Najaf kills 125 including Shia leader Ayatollah Mohammed Baqr al-Hakim. Baghdad imposes punitive measures. 2006 April - Newly re-elected President Talabani asks Shia compromise candidate Nouri al-Maliki to form a new government, ending months of deadlock. 0000002194 00000 n Hundreds are killed. That war is one of the single largest unappreciated great events of modern Middle Eastern history. H��V TSW�/�Bt�A��T�$܀�m !` ��Hm���i6� u�"����+W\�R\��u���Bպ�elu�N�.��]й���3��93gμw����������� � 1534 - 1918 - Region is part of the Ottoman Empire. 2019 September-November - At least 400 people die in protests against unemployment and corruption in cities including the capital Baghdad, prompting Adel Abdul Mahdi to tender his resignation. The Way Forward: Iraq and the United States in the Aftermath of War The 2010s will mark a century since World War I, the global conflict that resulted in the construction of Iraq from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire and also stimulated the rise of the United States to great power status. 2007 January - US President Bush announces a new Iraq strategy; thousands more US troops will be dispatched to shore up security in Baghdad. The most important of the world's agricultural revolutions took place in the mountains to the north of the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers Valley somewhere around 6000 BCE. 2013 October - Government says October is deadliest month since April 2008, with 900 killed. 2016 November - Parliament recognises the Shia Popular Mobilisation Units (PMU) militia as part of the armed forces with full legal status. 0000003747 00000 n 1963 - Prime Minister Qasim is ousted in a coup led by the pan-Arab Baath Party. In 1980, Iraq invaded neighboring Iran, and an eight-year long war caused egregious losses on both sides; a cease-fire was declared in 1988 and no clear winner emerged. © 2021 BBC. Iraq remained part of the Arab coalition seeking to destroy Israel. A massive US-led military campaign forces Iraq to withdraw in February 1991. 2010 March - Elections. P�g! 2003 December - Saddam Hussein captured in Tikrit. 2014 June-September - Sunni rebels led by Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant surge out of Anbar Province to seize Iraq's second city of Mosul and other key towns. Are pay-by-the-minute booths the future of work? Parliament approves new government of all major factions in December. 2. 1996 September - US extends northern limit of southern no-fly zone to just south of Baghdad. 1980-1988 - Iran-Iraq war results in stalemate. 2006 December - Saddam Hussein is executed for crimes against humanity. Read about our approach to external linking. 2004 March - Suicide bombers attack Shia festival-goers in Karbala and Baghdad, killing 140 people. 0000002265 00000 n 1972 - Iraq nationalises the Iraq Petroleum Company. 2006 February onwards - A bomb attack on an important Shia shrine in Samarra unleashes a wave of sectarian violence in which hundreds of people are killed. 1998 October - Iraq ends cooperation with UN Special Commission to Oversee the Destruction of Iraq's Weapons of Mass Destruction. Located ten miles southwest of Nasiriyah, Ur is most famous as the hometown of Abraham. The 2003 U.S. military invasion of Iraq and the extended occupation that followed were certainly the most dramatic and significant events in the long history of U.S. relations with Iraq. Invaders, allies, occupiers, guests: A brief history of U.S. military involvement in Iraq . 2017 September - Kurds back independence in referendum staged by Kurdish regional government. Evidence for a very advanced culture from Abraham’s day has been unearthed at Ur. ���L����Xs 2����H @h�YlN�cf��` �u��A���, ���B� �]��c. 2017 November - Government forces with Shia and Kurdish allies drive Islamic State out of all but a few redoubts. Commander of US forces says his troops face low-intensity guerrilla-style war. A temple to the moon god Nanna, or Sin, was situ… On March 19, 2003, the United States, along with coalition forces primarily from the United Kingdom, initiates war on Iraq. 0000002505 00000 n History of Iraq. 2015 March - Islamic State destroys Assyrian archaeological sites of Nimrud and Hatra. This video shows how Iraq Went from a Pro-British Hashemite Dynasty to a modern Republic Facing Conflict from the Foreign Nations that had intervened in Iraq for a Century. The political bloc of Shia cleric Moqtada al-Sadr wins most votes. 1979 - Saddam Hussein takes over from President Al-Bakr. 2006 November - Iraq and Baathist Syria restore diplomatic relations after nearly a quarter century. 0000032429 00000 n What is happening in Iraq in 3500BCE. First US-Iraq war. A massive US-led military campaign forces Iraq to withdraw in February 1991. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Iraq was under British rule for 17 years, and Ottoman rulefor centuries. A wave of pre-summit attacks kills scores of people. The Modern History of Iraq is a remarkably readable account of the emergence of contemporary Iraq, placing in historical perspective the crises and upheavals that continue to afflict the country. Unity government faces disarray. 0000001848 00000 n Iraq was transformed beyond recognition socially and in lots of other ways. Iraq leaves the pro-British Baghdad Pact. Marr’s Modern History of Iraq avoids this temptation and presents readers with a highly informative and sensitive account that does justice to the country’s complicated political and social history. 0000002235 00000 n It gained independencefrom Britain on October 3, 1932. 1974 - Iraq grants limited autonomy to Kurdish region. 1941 - Britain re-occupies Iraq after pro-Axis coup during Second World War. 1995 April - UN allows partial resumption of Iraq's oil exports to buy food and medicine in an oil-for-food programme. 2012 November - Iraq cancels a $4.2bn deal to buy arms from Russia because of concerns about alleged corruption within the Iraqi government. 1963 - The Baathist government is overthrown, but seizes power again five years later. Ibrahim Jaafari, a Shia, is named as prime minister. Kurdish forces, US and Iran assist government in repelling attacks. Sunni bloc boycotts parliament and cabinet. The region that is now included in the somewhat artificial nation-state of Iraq has had a very important role in world history. Pegged to either the British Pound or the U.S. dollar, the Iraqi Dinar was completely stable before the chaos of Mr. Hussein began.From 1980 to 2003, Iraq was terrorized by Saddam Hussein. Its restored ziggurat, or temple tower, is often shown in news reports. Britain retains military bases. 2011 January - Radical Shia cleric Moqtada Sadr returns after four years of self-imposed exile in Iran. 0000001870 00000 n Establishment of the Arab Union, 1958. It has been ruled by the Babylonians, the Hittites, the Kassites, the Chaldeans, the Greeks, the Romans, the Iranians, and finally the Muslims who began their conquest in the early 7th century. 0000000731 00000 n In 1917, Iraq became a British protectorate1. Iraq had a stable history until the year 1980. 0000003028 00000 n "A History of Iraq" is an excellent, readable narrative covering Iraq's modern period from its creation out of the Ottoman Empire through today. 0000004793 00000 n 1991 April - Iraq subjected to weapons inspection programme. %PDF-1.3 %���� 2007 December - Britain hands over security of Basra province to Iraqi forces, effectively marking the end of nearly five years of British control of southern Iraq. Others tie Iraq’s “bloody history,” as many have described it, to the preponderance of groups vying for power. 631 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 634 /H [ 1228 642 ] /L 289278 /E 74912 /N 34 /T 276539 >> endobj xref 631 19 0000000016 00000 n The modern nation-state of Iraq was created following World War I (1914–18) from the Ottoman provinces of Baghdad, Basra, and Mosul and derives its name from the Arabic term used in the premodern period to describe a region that roughly corresponded to Mesopotamia (ʿIrāq ʿArabī, “Arabian Iraq”) and modern northwestern Iran (ʿIrāq ʿAjamī, “foreign [i.e., Persian] Iraq”). 0000001087 00000 n � Z:t�J��8��e�^wp����Qeۢ�4�� Call My Agent star joins plea to reopen French theatres, A shrinking river sparks a fight for water access, ‘Please don’t lend Kenya more money’. trailer << /Size 650 /Info 624 0 R /Root 632 0 R /Prev 276528 /ID[<9deb2d77b17f6bc06f4247192f1812bf><1002f1f4764565f87ee17091a5d4df7c>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 632 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 627 0 R /Metadata 625 0 R /Outlines 159 0 R /OpenAction [ 634 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels 623 0 R /StructTreeRoot 633 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20030606163332)>> >> /LastModified (D:20030606163332) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 633 0 obj << /Type /StructTreeRoot /RoleMap 163 0 R /ClassMap 166 0 R /K 491 0 R /ParentTree 534 0 R /ParentTreeNextKey 36 >> endobj 648 0 obj << /S 626 /O 714 /L 730 /C 746 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 649 0 R >> stream Arab Influence. 0000004586 00000 n H�b```f``9��d�32 � +�0pl2fvV6Rtd`d ��$M�q��P����x@�{s)�?r ,*�CֱMf��X����젢!��k���I�!��]A�]� �6~���Q׶�r8�m��ۺ���\������ ��n\Ue�rOwrȄN��[SX�%Ŏ�T�;�����3�� VideoCovid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China, India ignores Covid surge to hold IPL cricket tournament, 'I can't change my gender unless I'm sterilised' Video'I can't change my gender unless I'm sterilised'. He migrated from Ur to Haran in southern Turkey, the actual homeland of the Patriarchs, and then to Canaan (Genesis 11:31; 12:1-5). Before Saddam Hussein’s upset of the economy, the Iraqi Dinar had a stable exchange rate of almost $4.00 USD at its peak. 3. 2005 January - Elections for a Transitional National Assembly. ... * Mesopotamia was the name for the ancient region where modern Iraq now stands. Capital and Major Cities. 2004 August - Fighting in Najaf between US forces and Shia militia of radical cleric Moqtada Sadr. 1981 June - Israeli air raid destroys Iraqi nuclear reactor at Osirak near Baghdad. 2012 March - Tight security for Arab League summit in Baghdad. [ �H�@�d��,�����s����\����Z�F2�a C�L!���Ca��ǰ/� H����o�0���������S�C��j��[�N�4qO:�����AZe���8���x����|������ano�f�h2]rX�t�^P��H��h�py�����yY��k*���G�{za[Gwi4IS�M$u�:-�k�F3�!�G#���y͟H�.��C3�9�08 �%Ӛ�F^��j��0j 93��&��Q����i��B�0I�3�9�V��c�Nl�h&�5 ��拸X��7��}���*������l�x���S�E�$� ��ҝ�o�o��Mָ�"¢��-{�%�Z�t 2003 August - Suicide truck bomb wrecks UN headquarters in Baghdad, killing UN envoy Sergio Vieira de Mello. Covid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China. 0000001228 00000 n �fr��ȉ��ȣ�Vz LX�4r�%Ca�a��!�PXlb0B��X2!���{ �Ň:%�j=N�) ��b�����y���sU$h��%�^�t"�����$O�Lܴ�����h����}^�d9̋�������g���Q�^;�K�L�fU{�G�._�J��eU�*j#�B��������#�P���()��X�ʱU�6?��}���� ��� endstream endobj 640 0 obj 617 endobj 641 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 891 /CapHeight 656 /Descent -216 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [ -568 -307 2028 1007 ] /FontName /BCNEMI+TimesNewRomanPSMT /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 94 /XHeight 0 /FontFile2 647 0 R >> endobj 642 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /TrueType /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 150 /Widths [ 250 0 0 500 500 833 778 180 333 333 0 0 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 0 564 0 444 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 722 667 556 611 722 722 944 722 722 611 333 0 333 0 500 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 333 444 444 0 500 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /BCNEMI+TimesNewRomanPSMT /FontDescriptor 641 0 R >> endobj 643 0 obj << /Type /ExtGState /SA false /OP false /op false /OPM 0 /BG2 /Default /UCR2 /Default /TR2 /Default /HT /Default /CA 1 /ca 1 /SMask /None /AIS false /BM /Normal /TK true >> endobj 644 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 27544 /Length1 45532 >> stream 2005 May onwards - Surge in car bombings, bomb explosions and shootings: government puts civilian death toll for May at 672, up from 364 in April. Video, Covid-19: The disinformation tactics used by China, 'I can't change my gender unless I'm sterilised' Video, 'I can't change my gender unless I'm sterilised', 'Strong' evidence found for a new force of nature, Navalny 'losing sensation in legs and hands', Kardashian tries to get photo wiped off the web, Jabs 'breaking link' between UK cases and deaths, Beijing now has more billionaires than any city, Celebrity model arrested in Myanmar coup crackdown, Hong Kong citizens given 'support' to come to UK, What we know about India's coronavirus vaccines, Sri Lanka beauty queen injured in on-stage bust-up. 2014 December - The Iraqi government and the leadership of the Kurdish Region sign a deal on sharing Iraq's oil wealth and military resources, amid hopes that the agreement will help to reunite the country in the face of the common threat represented by Islamic State.

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