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Mayo Clinic facts about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Our COVID-19 patient and visitor guidelines, plus trusted health information, Mayo Clinic Health System patient vaccination updates, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, See our safety precautions in response to COVID-19, Mayo Clinic Minute: Postpartum depression is different than baby blues, FREE book offer — Mayo Clinic Health Letter, Time running out - 40% off Online Mayo Clinic Diet ends soon. https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/depression/index.htm. davon abzugrenzen, gebe ich einen allgemeinen Überblick der verschiedenen Depressionsformen. What does postpartum depression mean? These areas are important for empathy, memory, and emotion regulation and may explain depressive symptoms as well as decreased motivation toward caregiving. Depressive disorders. Traurigkeit, Erschöpfung, Ängste, Appetit- und Schlafstörungen zählen zu den Symptomen, mitunter kommen auch Zwangsgedanken hinzu, wie sich selbst oder dem Kind etwas antun zu … American Journal of Psychiatry. Contact a minister, spiritual leader or someone else in your faith community. Postpartum care of the mother. The disorder is characterized by anxiety, sadness, sleep difficulties, fatigue, or other signs of a low mood. Archives of Women's Mental Health. It is estimated that 7% to 20% of pregnant women are affected by this condition. Postpartum depression needs to be treated by a doctor or nurse. Accessed June 7, 2018. Similar treatments and supports provided to mothers with postpartum depression can be beneficial in treating postpartum depression in fathers. [92] Additionally, none of the existing studies included women who were breastfeeding. It is only available to those at certified health care facilities with a health care provider who can continually monitor the patient. Willkommen beim Verein Postpartale Depression Schweiz. Severe postpartum unipolar major depression: Treatment. The association of exercise during pregnancy with trimester-specific and postpartum quality of life and depressive symptoms in a cohort of healthy pregnant women. In: Guidelines for Perinatal Care. They also have decreased connectivity between vital brain structures including the anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. [61] Violence against women occurs in conflict, post-conflict, and non-conflict areas. [110] Gilman wrote the story to protest societal oppression of women as the result of her own experience as a patient. [100] If a mother has experienced postpartum episodes previously, her risk of experiencing postpartum depression with psychosis is higher than those who have had no previous episodes. Profound lifestyle changes that are brought about by caring for the infant are also frequently hypothesized to cause PPD. All rights reserved. Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. These problems can have a cyclical effect, meaning that they can further agitate the mother's postpartum depression and can even lead to the mother further developing postpartum depression. [13] Typically, a diagnosis of postpartum depression is considered after signs and symptoms persist for at least two weeks. Yates' case brought wide media attention to the problem of filicide,[124] or the murder of children by their parents. Depression suffered by a mother following childbirth, typically arising from the combination of hormonal changes, psychological adjustment to motherhood, and fatigue. [41] Some studies have found a link with low levels of DHA in the mother. Rarely, an extreme mood disorder called postpartum psychosis also may develop after childbirth. [1][5] These may include factors such as hormonal changes and sleep deprivation. Zusammenfassung. Learn to identify it and what to do next. Peripartum onset is defined as starting anytime during pregnancy or within the four weeks following delivery. [119], The stigma of mental health - with or without support from family members and health professionals - often deters women from seeking help for their PPD. [66] It is different from postpartum depression and from maternity blues. If a mother develops a hostile relationship, it can lead to extreme outcomes such as infanticide. [54], Migration away from a cultural community of support can be a factor in PPD. Recent findings have also identified blunted activity in anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, orbitofrontal cortex, and insula in mothers with PPD when viewing images of their own infants. [101] Cesarean section rates did not affect the rates of PPD. Mild to moderate postpartum unipolar major depression: Treatment. [54] Women with fewer resources may be more likely to have an unintended or unwanted pregnancy, increasing risk of PPD. [1][3] Symptoms may include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns. [78] Globalization and migration can disconnect women from their traditional communities of maternal support, which can be positive or negative depending on the traditions and on the mother's wishes. Eine Wochenbettdepression ist nicht selbstverschuldet, sondern eine ernstzunehmende Krankheit, für die es körperliche und psychische Ursachen bzw. [89], A 2010 review found few studies of medications for treating PPD noting small sample sizes and generally weak evidence. Es ist nicht ungewöhnlich, dass Frauen vorübergehende Stimmungsstörungen zu erleben oder “Blues” nach der Geburt. Hormonal and physical changes, personal and family history of depression, and the stress of caring for a new baby all may contribute to the development of postpartum depression. [104] Hippocrates' ideas still linger in how postpartum depression is seen today. With postpartum psychosis — a rare condition that typically develops within the first week after delivery — the signs and symptoms are severe. Postpartum depression isn't a character flaw or a weakness. It is characterized by symptoms that include sadness, irritability, difficulty bonding with your baby, insomnia, and loss of appetite. [79], In those who are at risk counselling is recommended. [27], The cause of PPD is unknown. Zunächst einmal ist im Gegensatz zur Geisteskrankheit die Depression eine Gemütskrankheit und grundsätzlich vorübergehend. If you have a history of depression — especially postpartum depression — tell your doctor if you're planning on becoming pregnant or as soon as you find out you're pregnant. Fathers who are young, have a history of depression, experience relationship problems or are struggling financially are most at risk of postpartum depression. Postpartum depression may be mistaken for baby blues at first — but the signs and symptoms are more intense and last longer, and may eventually interfere with your ability to care for your baby and handle other daily tasks. Postpartale Depression: Vom Vater zum Pfleger (DocCheck News) Postpartale Depression: Die Leiden der jungen Väter (DocCheck News) Klicke hier, um einen neuen Artikel im DocCheck Flexikon anzulegen. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/postpartum-depression/what-is-postpartum-depression. 2016;173:1179. [50], Chronic illnesses caused by neuroendocrine irregularities including irritable bowl syndrome and fibromyalgiatypically put individuals at risk for further health complications. [51], These above factors are known to correlate with PPD. The diagnosis of postpartum depression is based not only on the length of time between delivery and onset, but also on the severity of the dep… Order blood tests to determ… [22] Postpartum depression can also occur in women who have suffered a miscarriage. Meaning of postpartum depression. [14], A review of various fMRI studies show significant differences in brain activity between mothers with postpartum depression and those without. Postpartum depression is a mental health disorder affecting as many as one in nine new mothers. Um die postpartale Depression als Sonderform in das Krankheitsbild der Depression einzubetten bzw. [97], Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has shown efficacy in women with severe PPD that have either failed multiple trials of medication-based treatment or cannot tolerate the available antidepressants. [60], Postpartum depression in the DSM-5 is known as "depressive disorder with peripartum onset". erkennen. In addition to these abnormalities, children who grew up around postpartum depression also are susceptible to developing violent tendencies. https://www.womenshealth.gov/mental-health/mental-health-conditions/postpartum-depression. Women with fewer resources may also include single mothers of low income. Most of the time, it occurs within the first 3 months after delivery. The symptoms can range from mild to severe. [66] Women who have been hospitalized for a psychiatric condition immediately after delivery are at a much higher risk of suicide during the first year after delivery.[69]. ; Postpartum depression is medically considered a subset of peripartum depression. This content does not have an English version. According to research published in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, children can suffer the effects of postpartum depression. Ätiologie: Multifaktoriell, insb. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale", "Postpartum Depression Screening: MedlinePlus Lab Test Information", "Psychosocial and psychological interventions for preventing postpartum depression", "Effect of peer support on prevention of postnatal depression among high risk women: multisite randomised controlled trial", "Traditional postpartum practices and rituals: clinical implications", "Interventions to Prevent Perinatal Depression: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement", "Most of UK doesn't provide vital perinatal mental healthcare", "Antidepressants for preventing postnatal depression", "Identification and Management of Peripartum Depression", "Does aerobic exercise reduce postpartum depressive symptoms? A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Nicht nur die Frauen können durch eine unbehandelte postpartale Depression Schaden nehmen, sondern auch die Kinder. [1][6] Risk factors include prior episodes of postpartum depression, bipolar disorder, a family history of depression, psychological stress, complications of childbirth, lack of support, or a drug use disorder. The criteria include at least five of the following nine symptoms, within a two-week period:[62], Postpartum blues, commonly known as "baby blues," is a transient postpartum mood disorder characterized by milder depressive symptoms than postpartum depression. There may also be a link between postpartum depression and anti-thyroid antibodies. [116] The rituals appear to be most effective when the support is welcomed by the mother. 4. Die postpartale Depression, auch postnatale Depression oder Wochenbettdepression genannt, ist laut Riecher-Rössler (2006) eine längerdauernde und behandlungsbedürftige depressive Erkrankung, die nach der Geburt eines Kindes auftritt und oft mehrere Monate, teilweise mehr als ein Jahr anhält. In the U.S., call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255) or use their webchat on suicidepreventionlifeline.org/chat. © 1998-2021 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). 2018;138:e20161128. Note: Mood episodes can have their onset either during pregnancy or postpartum. [84] Light aerobic exercise has been found to be useful for mild and moderate cases. This correlation does not mean these factors are causal. The risk of postpartum episodes with psychotic features is particularly increased for women with prior postpartum mood … "[112] Approximately 10% of asylum admissions during this time period are connected to “puerperal insanity,” the named intersection between pregnancy or childbirth and female mental illness. [71] However, many providers do not consistently provide screening and appropriate follow-up. [93] Some trials have demonstrated an effect on PPD within 48 hours from the start of infusion. 10–15%, jedoch hohe Dunkelziffer! When at rest, that is not cued by anything in the environment, mothers with PPD have less activity in the left frontal lobe and increased activity in the right frontal lobe when compared with healthy controls. Loss of appetite or eating much more than usual, Inability to sleep (insomnia) or sleeping too much, Reduced interest and pleasure in activities you used to enjoy, Feelings of worthlessness, shame, guilt or inadequacy, Diminished ability to think clearly, concentrate or make decisions, Thoughts of harming yourself or your baby, Make it hard for you to care for your baby, Include thoughts of harming yourself or your baby. [67] It may be a form of bipolar disorder. Any new mom can experience postpartum depression and it can develop after the birth of any child, not just the first. [117], In the US, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act included a section focusing on research into postpartum conditions including postpartum depression. Women with fewer resources indicate a higher level of postpartum depression and stress than those women with more resources, such as financial. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a complex mix of physical, emotional, and behavioral changes that happen in a woman after giving birth. [57] These higher rates of PPD in lesbian/bisexual mothers may reflect less social support, particularly from their families of origin and additional stress due to homophobic discrimination in society. [100] Across various nations, the prevalence of PPD varied even within nations with similar wealth status. 2. It may occur soon after delivery or up to a year later. Depressed mothers show greater neural activity in the right amygdala toward non-infant emotional cues as well as reduced connectivity between the amygdala and right insular cortex - a pattern consistently found in those with depression and anxiety. [1] Diagnosis is based on a person's symptoms. Die Erkrankung wird auch als Postpartale oder Postnatale Depression bezeichnet. → Über facebook informieren wir Sie über Neues auf unseren Seiten! Weiterhin wurden Lehrbücher, Monografien und Dissertationen zur Informationssammlung ... 1.2.1 Definition des Traumas und der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung Ein Trauma ist ein Erlebnis, das ein Individuum nicht adäquat verarbeiten kann. Niedergeschlagenheit, Depression sein oder sich sogar zu schweren Psychosen entwickeln. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Frequently asked questions. If you suspect that a friend or loved one has postpartum depression or is developing postpartum psychosis, help them seek medical attention immediately. postpartale Depression – Definition. Rund 10-20% der Mütter, aber auch rund 4% der Väter leiden an Wochenbettdepressionen. [63] Symptoms typically resolve within two weeks. Contrastingly, some factors almost certainly attribute to the cause of postpartum depression, such as lack of social support. https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/gynecology-and-obstetrics/postpartum-care-and-associated-disorders/postpartum-depression. POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION: LITERATURE REVIEW OF RISK FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONS Donna E. Stewart, MD, FRCPC E. Robertson, M.Phil, PhD Cindy-Lee Dennis, RN, PhD Sherry L. Grace, MA, PhD Tamara Wallington, MA, MD, FRCPC ©University Health Network Women’s Health Program 2003 Kumar SV, et al. Postpartum depression in fathers ― sometimes called paternal postpartum depression ― can have the same negative effect on partner relationships and child development as postpartum depression in mothers can. But it can also result in something you might not expect — depression. Accessed June 7, 2018. A woman with postpartum depression may have feelings of sadness, despair, anxiety, and irritability to a severe degree. There's no single cause of postpartum depression, but physical and emotional issues may play a role. If a mother experiences postpartum depression that goes untreated, it can have adverse effects on her children. Delirium typically includes a loss of awareness or inability to pay attention. After childbirth, a dramatic drop in hormones (estrogen and progesterone) in your body may contribute to postpartum depression. In the United States, postpartum depression is one of the leading causes of annual reported infanticide incidence rate of about 8 per 100,000 births.[2]. Mothers who have had several previous children without suffering PPD can nonetheless suffer it with their latest child. [101]  The highest prevalence in the US is found among women who are American Indian/Alaska Natives or Asian/Pacific Islanders, possess less than 12 years of education, are unmarried, smoke during pregnancy, experience over two stressful life events, or who’s full term infant is low-birthweight or was admitted to a Newborn Intensive Care Unit. As in prior editions, the definition and criteria for Major [75] Support is an important aspect of prevention, as depressed mothers commonly state that their feelings of depression were brought on by "lack of support" and "feeling isolated. In addition, the new mother is not allowed to bathe or shower, wash her hair, clean her teeth, leave the house, or be blown by the wind. Depression: postpartal o.n.A. postpartale Depression lagen seit 2007 etwa 2700 Arbeiten vor. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more. Die Postpartale Depression ist nicht dasselbe wie der Baby Blues. Pediatrics. Symptoms may include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns. [102], Most studies regarding PPD are done using self-report screenings which are less reliable than clinical interviews. In 460 B.C., Hippocrates wrote about puerperal fever, agitation, delirium, and mania experienced by women after child birth. [80] In 2018, 24% of areas in the UK have no access to perinatal mental health specialist services. Recognizing that the problem exists. Postpartum depression facts. Labor, delivery, and postpartum care FAQ091. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Aug. 17, 2018. mass noun North American. When a child is in infancy, these problems can include unusual amounts of crying (colic) and not having normal sleeping patterns. [37][38] Many mothers are unable to get the rest they need to fully recover from giving birth. Depression post partum Leichte... im Wochenbett a.n.k. Studies have also shown a correlation between a mother's race and postpartum depression. While it can … Wikipedia beschreibt sie als „psychische Zustände oder Störungen, die in einem zeitlichen Zusammenhang mit dem Wochenbett auftreten“. Paternal perinatal depression: Making a case for routine screening. While US prevalence decreased from 2004 to 2012, it did not decrease among American Indian/Alaska Native women or those with full term, low-birthweight infants. [1] PPD can also negatively affect the newborn child. postpartale affektive Störungen sind psychische Zustände oder Störungen, die nach der Geburt auftreten. Rather, they might both be caused by some third factor. Your doctor will usually talk with you about your feelings, thoughts and mental health to distinguish between a short-term case of postpartum baby blues and a more severe form of depression. Reach out to a close friend or loved one. Als Wochenbettdepression wird eine Sonderform der depressiven Störung bezeichnet, die bis zu 24 Monate nach der Entbindung bei der Mutter auftreten kann. Der Baby Blues beginnt einige Tage nach der Geburt. [96] Regarding allopregnanolone, very limited data did not indicate a risk for the infant. [85][86], Both individual social and psychological interventions appear equally effective in the treatment of PPD. [21] Therefore, in the DSM-5 postpartum depression is diagnosed under "depressive disorder with peripartum onset", in which "peripartum onset" is defined as anytime either during pregnancy or within the four weeks following delivery. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org. [23] For fathers, several studies show that men experience the highest levels of postpartum depression between 3–6 months postpartum. [100] However, research has found that globally postpartum depression is found to be approximately 17.7% prevalence when analyzing data from low- to high-income countries. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5. Accessed July 1, 2015. [105] Although this treatment was not described, experimental treatments began to be implemented for postpartum depression for the centuries that followed. The EPDS indicates whether you may have some symptoms that are common with depression and anxiety. Postpartale Angstzustände können als eigenständige Kategorie gesehen werden, da diverse Angststörungen nicht zwangsläufig eine Depression bedeuten. Further factors such as communication between the couple and relationship satisfaction have a protective effect against anxiety alone. Postpartum depression: A form of severe depression after delivery that interferes with daily functioning and requires treatment. n. 1. However, the long term benefits have not been determined. The lowering of a part, such as the mandible. ICD F53.- Psychische oder Verhaltensstörungen im Wochenbett, anderenorts nicht klassifiziert Hier sind nur psychische Störungen im Zusammenhang mit dem When called into trial, she felt that she had saved her children rather than harming them and that this action would contribute to defeating Satan. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/postpartum-depression-facts/index.shtml. 3. While there is discussion of postpartum depression in fathers, there is no formal diagnosis for postpartum depression in fathers. [88] Some evidence suggests that mothers with PPD will respond similarly to people with major depressive disorder. Also consider these options if you're having suicidal thoughts: People with depression may not recognize or acknowledge that they're depressed. [118] Some argue that more resources in the form of policies, programs, and health objectives need to be directed to the care of those with PPD. Fathers, who are not undergoing profound hormonal changes, can also have postpartum depression. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [88] However, there is some controversy with this form of treatment because estrogen should not be given to people who are at higher risk of blood clots, which include women up to 12 weeks after delivery. Those who experience this wealth disparity live at a dramatically different level of material standards than the other’s in their society, even if objectively they are not low income. [106] Based on her descriptions of visions of demons and conversations she wrote about that she had with religious figures like God and the Virgin Mary, historians have identified what Margery Kempe was suffering from as "postnatal psychosis" and not postpartum depression. If you're feeling depressed after your baby's birth, you may be reluctant or embarrassed to admit it. Postpartum depression is a mood disorder that affects women soon after they give birth, and in some cases, the disorder can set in even during pregnancy. A 16th century physician, Castello Branco, documented a case of postpartum depression without the formal title as a relatively healthy woman who suffered from melancholy after childbirth, remained insane for a month, and recovered with treatment. They may not be aware of signs and symptoms of depression. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a questionnaire that asks about your feelings and symptoms. [90], Some studies show that hormone therapy may be effective in women with PPD, supported by the idea that the drop in estrogen and progesterone levels post-delivery contribute to depressive symptoms. Der Baby Blues beginnt einige Tage nach der Geburt. AskMayoExpert. [111], Also during the 19th century, gynecologists embraced the idea that female reproductive organs, and the natural processes they were involved in, were at fault for "female insanity. [65], About half of women who experience postpartum psychosis have no risk factors; but a prior history of mental illness, especially bipolar disorder, a history of prior episodes of postpartum psychosis, or a family history put some at a higher risk. Sometimes it's simply a complication of giving birth. In the US, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists suggests healthcare providers consider depression screening for perinatal women. Don't be embarrassed ― postpartum depression is common. 2014;89:835. Physical changes. Emotional issues. Zunächst einmal ist im Gegensatz zur Geisteskrankheit die Depression eine Gemütskrankheit und grundsätzlich vorübergehend. Depression among women. See our safety precautions in response to COVID-19. iCBT may be beneficial for mothers who have limitations in accessing in person CBT. [120] When medical help is achieved, some women find the diagnosis helpful and encourage a higher profile for PPD amongst the health professional community. [87] Social interventions include individual counseling and peer support, while psychological interventions include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT). Viguera A. Single mothers of low income may have more limited access to resources while transitioning into motherhood. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Definition of postpartum-depression noun in Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Postpartale Depression und »weibliche Identität« Psychoanalytische Perspektiven auf Mutterschaft Die Schwere und Häufigkeit der post-partum- Störungen weisen darauf hin, dass es eine Verbindung zwischen der Konstitution einer weiblichen Identität und den sich daraus ergebenden Frustrationen und Enttäuschungen geben muss. This content does not have an Arabic version. [2] Types of counseling that have been found to be effective include interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and psychodynamic therapy. [30] Understanding the neuroendocrinology characteristic of PPD has proven to be particularly challenging given the erratic changes to the brain and biological systems during pregnancy and postpartum. Don't wait and hope for improvement. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. [100] However, between the nations, a predictor for higher postpartum depression rates was found to be wealth disparities within the nations. [57][60] Violence against women is a chronic stressor, so depression may occur when someone is no longer able to respond to the violence. It can occur a few days, weeks, or even months after childbirth. [5] However, a recent study has found that adding sertraline to psychotherapy does not appear to confer any additional benefit.

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